This model shows the kind of dwelling typical among survivalists during the first period of environmental collapse. The simple technologies would have allowed the inhabitants to be at least partly self-sufficient in terms of water and energy provision. Poorly built from scrap materials, the house would have relied on intensive fuel use for heaating and cooking, but would have provided a healthy and sustainable home where land was available for a biomass plantation fuel such as willow coppice. The more sophisticated technologies familiar to us today were mostly pioneered by environmentalists and progressive designers of the backyard technology movement, the global aid and development movement and other groups that worked to counter the extractive trends in global politics and economy at the time.